HOUSE OF BARAKSAY

1826 -1839 Amir Dost Mohammed Khan Baraksay (son of Fhat Khan Barakzay) (First time): Takes Kabul and proclaims himself Amir. Tries to retake Peshawar but the Sikhs under Ranjit Singh defeat the attempt. Captures Kandahar in 1834 from the local government and soon after consolidates his control over Afghanistan.

1837 Seige of Herat: Mohammad Shah of Persia lays seige to Herat. The British fearing Russian intrigue in the seige again enter into alliances with the leaders of Kandahar and Herat. Seige is broken by the Alliance. Their envoy Captain Alexander Burnes tries to enter into an alliance with Barakzay in Kabul, but because they refuse to assure British support to Dost Mohammad to regain Peshawar, he refuses to enter into the alliance.

25 July 1838 Tripartide Alliance: The British feeling a great threat by the Russians and Persians, and being unable to firm an alliance with Kabul, form a tripartide alliance between Shah Shoja and his Afghan forces, Ranjit Singh and his Sikh forces and the British East Orient Company.

1838-1842 First Anglo-Afghan War: The British lead the Alliance on an attack of Afghanistan with the object of restoring Shah Shoja to power under British influence. Kandahar taken in April 1839, Ghazna in July 1939 and Kabul in August 1939. Dost Mohammad captured and sent in exile to India.
1839-1840 Amir Dost Mohammed Khan Baraksay: Escapes to Balkh and then to Bukhara where he is arrested. Escapes in 1840 and leads a group against the British. Surrenders to the British at the Battle of Parwan in November 1940. British deport him to India.
Aug 1839-Jan1842 Shah Shoja and De Facto British Rule (2nd time): Reinstated by the British in Kabul after the capture of the city. Violent outbreaks occur across the country in response to the British rule and their puppet monarch. The British finding their position untenable open talks about withdrawal with Akbar Khan (Dost Mohammad's son), but the British envoy Sir William Hay Macnaghten was killed in 1841. On Jan. 6, 1942, the British and their Indian support troops withdraw from Kabul. Many were massacred outside the city by Afghans waiting in ambush led by Kan Akbar (Dost Mohammed's son). Shah Shoja is killed after British withdrawal. The country splits once again into local khanates with no central authority.
Sep 1842-Oct 1842 Seizure of Kabul: British under Lord Ellenborough and General Pollack lead a punitive force and retake Kabul but quickly evacuate it after exacting harsh penalties.
1843- June 1863 Amir Dost Mohammed Khan Baraksay (2nd time): Returns to Kabul. Began to reconsolidate his rule. Takes Kandahar in 1855, and Balkh and the Northern Khanates in 1859 and Herat in 1863. Dies June 1963.
1845 Seizure of Herat: Ghürid princes revolt and seize Herat. Recaptured by
30 March 1855 Treaty of Peshawar: Dost Mohammed and the British agree to form an alliance against the Persians who are laying seige at Herat.
1855-1857 Second Seige of Herat and British-Persian War: Persians lay seige on Herat upon the death of the local Ghürid Prince. Eventually they seize Herat. British declare war and attack the Persians regaining the city. After British Afghan forces control Herat.
1857 Treaty of Paris: British sucesses impel the Persians into the Treaty of Paris which renounces all claims on Herat and recognizes Afghan independence.
1862-1863 Revolt of Herat: The Sultan of Herat leads a revolt against Afghan rule but it is repressed by Dost Mohammed one year later.
June 1863-1866 Shir Ali Khan (3rd son, 1rst time): Draws nation closer to Russia at the expense of the British. Deposed by elder brothers who have British support.
1863-1869 Civil War: Between Shir Ali and his brothers
May 1866-Sep 1868 Afzal Khan (elder brother) and Azam Khan (elder brother): Overthrow their younger brother.
September 1868 Shir Ali Khan (2nd time): Regains throne after defeating his brothers in civil war.
1878-1880 Second Anglo-Afghan War: Shir Al Khan continuing his pro-Russian stance recieves a Russian Mission but refuses to recieve a British one. British attack from India. Leaving his son Yaqub as regent, he travels to Russia to gain help. The Russians advise peace. Shir Ali dies suddenly in Mazar-e Sharif in 21 Feb. 1879.
21 Feb 1879 - Nov 1879 Yaqub Khan (son) opted for peace with the British who occupy much of the nation and signs the Treaty of Gandamak.
26 May 1879 Treaty of Gandamak: The treaty calls for a permanent British Mission and that Afghanistan conduct foreign affairs with "the wishes and advice" of the British government" and provides for British control of the Khyber Pass.
3 Sep 1879 - 31 Oct 1879 Assassination of the Britsh Envoy to Kabul, Sir Luis Cavagnari, and the reoccupation of Kabul by British forces.
Nov 1879 Yaqub Khan: Forced into exile in India by the British where he dies in 1923
24 Dec 1879 Musa Khan (son) interim
Mar 1880 Ayub Khan (Uncle) interim
Oct 1880-3 Oct 1901 Amir Abd al-Rahman Khan: (cousin, son of Afzal Khan) Returns from exile in Central Asia and proclaims himself Amir of Kabul. The British accept his government and withdraw in 1881. Oversees the drawing of modern Afghan borders. Put down a myriad of rebellions and consolidated his control and that of the Afghan Central Government. Considered the founder of modern Afghanistan. Dies 3 Oct 1901.
April 1881 British Withdrawal.
1885 Panjeh Incident and Border Dispute: Border dispute between Russia and Afghanistan flares with violent clashes between forces in 1885. British and Russians negotiate a truce in 1886. The British and Russians begin to negotiate the boundaries of modern day Afghanistan. In affect Afghanistan was set to serve as a buffer between Tsarist Russia and British India.
1893 Durand Line Agreement: Afghan and British negotiators set the border between Afghanistan and British-controlled India. The area between the Durand Line and the actual border of India is referred to as ‘Free Tribal Territory’ under British sovereignty. This inbetween area would be the subject of much quarrel between Afghanistan and Pakistan in the 1950’s and 1960’s.
11 Mar 1895 Pamir Frontier Agreement: British, Afghan and Russian negotiators set the modern border between Russia and Afghanistan.
3 Oct 1901-20 Feb 1919 Amir Habibullah I Khan (son): Designated by his father. His friendship with the British keeps Afghanistan neutral during the World War I despite intense pressure from the Ottomans. Assassinated by anti-British forces at the end of the War.
21 Mar 1905 Friendship Agreement: Afghanistan enters into a new Friendship Agreement with the British.
1907 British-Russian Entente: Russians and British hold a series of meetings to increase and further regional understanding.

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